Currently, energy saving is one of the main priorities. This is due to the lack of basic energy, the rising cost of their extraction, and also with global environmental problems.
What is the saving?
Energy saving and efficient use of energy through the use of innovative solutions, which is feasible technically, substantiated economically acceptable, with environmental and social views, does not change the habitual way of life. This definition was formulated at an International energy conference.
Energy saving in each field is reduced essentially to reduce unnecessary losses of energy. Analysis of losses in the production, distribution and consumption of electric energy shows that a large part of the losses – up to 90% – falls on the range of electric energy consumption, while transmission losses of electricity account for only 9-10%. Therefore, the main efforts on energy saving is concentrated in the area of electric energy consumption.
The main role in increasing energy efficiency include modern, energy-efficient technology. Energy-saving technologies – new or improved technological process, characterized by a higher coefficient of the lifetime fuel energy resources (FER).
The introduction of energy-saving technologies in the business activities of companies and individuals at the household level, is one of the important steps in the solution of many environmental problems – climate change, air pollution (e.g. emissions from HEATING plants), depletion of fossil resources, etc.
Usually businesses are accepting the following types of technologies, which provide significant energy-saving effect:
- General technology for many enterprises, related to the use of energy (motors, variable speed rotation, heat exchangers, compressed air, lighting, steam, cooling, drying, etc.).
- More efficient energy production, including a modern boiler, heat and electricity, but also heat, cold, electricity; replacement of old industrial equipment a new, more efficient.
- Alternative sources of energy.
Mode for saving energy especially important for the mechanisms that most of the time they work with a lower load – conveyors, pumps, fans and etc. There are quite a few devices that allow you to achieve a reduction of losses in the operation of electrical equipment, the main of them are the capacitor battery and the frequency-controlled drives. Frequency-regulated electric drives with integrated features for optimization of energy consumption flexibly changing the frequency of rotation depending on the current load, which allows you to save up to 30 to 50% of consumed electrical energy. While often not required replacement of the standard electric motor, which is especially true when the modernization of production. As energy-saving electrical drives and the means for automation can be implemented on most industrial enterprises and in HOUSING: from lifts and air conditioning units to the automation of enterprises.
Scientists developed by the installation, at work, when part of the heat, leaving the tubes after combustion in the production of natural gas is used to produce additional energy, which is able to give the lighting of the five buildings of 16 floors.
Energy-saving technologies in the construction industry are complex, include thermal insulation of walls, energy saving, roofing, energy saving paint, double glazed windows, economical heating and cooling system surfaces.
One of the most common energy-saving technologies with great potential for improvement in the area of housing – it is the boiler. Modern technologies are able to significantly reduce energy consumption, reduce maintenance costs, and even improve EFFICIENCY. In addition, the replacement of the boiler room often allows the company to proceed with the environmentally dirty and expensive coal or fuel oil, to cheaper and clean fuel, such as gas or wood pellets.
Also gives large savings if instead of detached central heat points place in the building of the individual thermal point, which is equipped with modern silent pumps, compact and efficient plastic heat exchangers.
In the organization of ventilation in the building to apply system recovery (recycle for re-use) heat from the exhaust air and a variable power supply exhaust aggregates depending on the number of people in the building. These systems allow you not to waste unnecessary heat produced by people, will treat a flare device, a shopping and office equipment, and reduce consumption of heat from external sources – heating networks or boiler room.
An example of a home, which in the future will allow a person to live in harmony with nature, at the same time, without depriving yourself of the usual comfort, they are the so called dwelling-zero energy (zero energy house) or passive houses (passive house), combining the general term "energy efficient homes".
"Energy-efficient" will consider such a house, in which is a comfortable temperature is maintained in the winter without the use of heating and in the summer without using air conditioning.
That the house was energy efficient, while its construction should be carried out as follows:
- Application of modern thermal insulation of pipelines of heating and hot water.
- Individual source of heating and energy supply (individual boiler or source, the combined energy).
- Heat pumps using the heat of earth, heat extract ventilation air and heat the waste water.
- Solar collectors in the system of hot utility water and in the cooling system of the room.
- Heating system in each apartment with heat counters and with individual control of the thermal regime of the device.
- Manual exhaust ventilation with individual control, and recycling the heat of extract air.
- In every apartment of the controller, the optimization of the heat consumption for heating and ventilation of the apartments.
- Surrounding the structure with increased thermal protection and the desired degree of thermal stability.
- Recycling of heat from solar radiation to the thermal balance of the building on the basis of the optimal choice of translucent masonry.
- Devices utilizing stray solar rays to increase the illumination of buildings and reducing energy consumption on lighting.
- Selection of designs, protective devices with regard to the orientation and exposure of the facades of every season.
- The use of heat the return water of the heating system for the underfloor heating in the bathrooms.
- Control system the heat and power supply, microclimate of buildings and technical equipment of buildings on the basis of the mathematical model of the building as a single energy and heating system.
There are other ways of rational use of electric energy, not only in production but also in private life. So, it has long been known "intelligent" lighting system. Energy-saving effect is based on the fact that the light turns on automatically, just when it is needed. Circuit breaker has an optical sensor and a microphone. In the afternoon, when the high level of ambient light, the light is turned off. Upon the occurrence of twilight happens the activation of the microphone. If in a radius of 5 m creates the noise (for example footsteps or the sound of the open door), the lights will automatically turn on and shine, until one is situated in the interior. As lighting uses energy-saving lamps.
Led lights allow you to achieve significant energy savings compared with traditional light source bulbs (up to 80%) and fluorescent lights (more than 40%). These products can be used in the lighting of various objects: the underground pedestrian crossings and car parking areas, landscaping, Park lighting, outdoor lighting, lighting in the HOUSING, and emergency lighting.
There are modern energy-saving projects in the transport sector. American engineers to come to the production of passenger cars with attachments, which convert heat from exhaust gases to electricity. Teploelektrogenerator, which is mounted on shock absorbers, converts part of the heat of the exhaust gases into electricity, which in the future can ensure the functioning of the system controlling the air conditioning, music system, etc.
German scientists are developing high-efficient and energy-saving equipment, needed for cars with a hybrid engine. The device works with the help of oil on the highway and the electricity in town, thus using relatively less energy.
In the house, each consumer can save electricity, and stick to the following rules:
- Replace the light bulbs for the modern and energy-saving bulbs.
- Turn off unused appliances from the network (for example, tv, vcr, stereo).
- On electric cookers use cookware with a bottom, which is equal to or slightly better than the average burners, do not use cookware with a twisted day.
- Can be washed in a washing machine at full load and correctly choose the mode of washing.
- Time to remove the kettle from the scale.
- Do not dry linen heavily, it means savings during Ironing.
- More likely to change dust bags in vacuum cleaner.
- Put the fridge on a very cold place kitchen.
- Use bright curtains, wallpaper.
- More often to wash the windows, on the window sills to give a small amount of colors.
- Do not close the blackout curtains battery heating.